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Grande êxito de “A Noite dos Pesquisadores 2014”

Pelo segundo ano consecutivo, o ICRANet participou do programa nacional “A Noite dos Pesquisadores 2014”, uma atividade nacional que pretende levar as atividades de pesquisa ao alcance de todos. Na parte da manhã do dia 26 de Setembro, os cientistas do ICRANet conversaram com 150 estudantes explicando e falando sobre os trabalhos de pesquisa que estão realizando.
A sede do ICRANet manteve suas portas abertas a noite para o público: foi elaborado um intenso programa de visitas guiadas que permitiu aos interessados visitarem os lugares onde os pesquisadores do ICRANet estudam as estrelas e as leies que regem o Universo.
Além disso alguns cientistas do ICRANet apresentaram no prestigioso Aurum de Pescara um vasto programa de conferências e observações com o telescópio: o Professor Ruffini falou sobre “Supernovae, Gamma Ray Burst and Blacks Holes" e o Doutor Costantino Sigismondi apresentou a palestra “Supergiants Novae and Variables”; ao mesmo tempo os Doutores Luca Izzo e Costantino Sigismondi realizaram observações do Sol e das estrelas até meia-noite.

Delegação de estudantes dinamarqueses em visita ao ICRANet

No dia 23 de outubro, uma delegação de 6 estudantes dinamarqueses provenientes da cidade de Svendborg visitou o Centro de Pesquisa ICRANet. Orientados pelo Professor Mads Fjeldvig Gammeltoft, os estudantes tiveram a oportunidade de conversar com o Diretor do Centro e assistir à palestra “Light and the exploration of the Universe” do Professor Gregory Vereshchagin, cientista pesquisador do ICRANet.

Apresentaçaõ do cartaz do Fourteenth Marcel Grossman Meeting - Roma, Itália, 12-18 de Julho de 2015

Nos dias de 12 a 18 de junho de 2015,” será realizado em Roma, na Universidade “Sapienza” o encontro “Fourteenth Marcel Grossmann Meeting. Desde 1975, os encontros Marcel Grossmann têm sido organizados com a finalidade de criar oportunidades para estudar os mais recentes progressos nos campos da gravitação, relatividade geral e teorias relativísticas, para salientar os fundamentos matemáticos, as previsões físicas e os testes exprimentais. Os objetivos desses encontros seriam propiciar o intercâmbio científico entre os pesquisadores e cientistas no âmbito da compreensão da estrutura do espaço-tempo, e rever o estado dos experimentos atualmente em curso no âmbito dos testes das teorias gravitacionais de Albert Einstein no espaço como na terra.
No passado, realizaram-se os encontros em Trieste (1975 and 1979), Shanghai (1982), Roma (1985), Perth (1988), Quioto (1991), Stanford (1994), Jerusalém (1997), Roma (2000), Rio de Janeiro (2003), Berlim (2006), Paris (2009) e Estocolmo (2012). Os cientistas que estiverem interessados podem entrar em contato com qualquer membro dos Comitê organizador ou com a secretaria da conferência.
Essa edição do MG14 marca o Centenário das equações de Einstein, o Ano Intenacional da Luz 2015 organizado pela UNESCO, e o “Golden Jubilee of Relativistic Astrophysics”; todos esses eventos serão celebrados em ocasião do MG14 e das reuniões satélites em Armênia, Brasil, China, Alemanha, Índia, Israel, Coreia, México e Estados Unidos.
O programa científico, com sessões plenária e paralelas, está em costante evolução.
Para baixar o cartaz acesse: http://www.icra.it/mg/mg14/MG14_poster.pdf
Para o website acesse: http://www.icra.it/MG/mg14/
Contato: mg14@icra.it

ICRANet Faculty and Student’s Scientific Research articles

GRB 130427A and SN 2013cq: A Multi-wavelength Analysis of An Induced Gravitational Collapse Event

R. Ruffini, Y. Wang, M. Kovacevic, C.L. Bianco, M. Enderli, M. Muccino, A.V. Penacchioni, G.B. Pisani, J.A. Rueda
Accepted by ApJ

In the particle physics, the interaction between particles generates new particles, named as S-matrix. For instance, a pair of quark and anti-quark produces W/Z boson and Higgs boson, the outcome of electron and positron interaction could be a pair of muon and anti-muon, the duration of such interaction is fleeting, the above two reactions only take 10−26 s and 10−23 s respectively.
In the marco-scale astrophysics, some phenomena are apparently similar to the micro-scale particle physics, a famous example is the similarity of electron and blackhole, both can be completely characterized by only mass, electric charge, and angular momentum. Here in our new accepted Astrophysical Journal paper, we introduce a new celestial matrix, C-matrix, an analogue to the S-matrix (Fig.1). C-matrix depicts a binary system composed of one neutron star and one massive star as the initial state, and the products after about 100s interaction are one new neutron star and one black hole. The story of this process can be outlined as: The massive star undergoes a supernova and eject its massive shell, the companion neutron star accretes the ejecta until reaching its critical mass and collapses into a black hole, simultaneously an over critical electrical field is generated around the black hole and electro-positron plasma are produced from it, this plasma flow expands ultra-relativisticly and collides with the inter-stellar medium, which gives origin to the gamma-ray burst (GRB), GRB is considered as an energetic explosion which emits huge abundant photons, mainly the gamma-rays.
On April 27, 2013, such aforementioned event occurred and triggered Fermi satellite, later various satellites and telescopes joined the observation. This event was named as GRB 130427A, it is one of the few GRBs which has hundreds of seconds simultaneous data in the optical, X-ray and GeV emission, especially precious is its GeV emission, due to the long duration, high intensity and containing the highest energy photon (95.3 GeV) ever observed in GRBs.
We proceeded to make a multi-wavelength analysis. The high energy GeV emission appears to be detectable at the end of the prompt radiation phase(∼ 20s), when the fluence of X-ray and γ-ray of the prompt exponentially decrease and becomes transparent for GeV photons.
After 200s, the Lorentz factors of X-ray and GeV are very different, and their physical origin are necessarily different. The high energy can originate from the interaction of some of the physical components (e.g., neutron star and black hole) newly created in the C-matrix.


The interaction of the GRBs with the SN ejecta may well generate the X-ray emission and the associated thermal component. By analyzing the X-ray data from 195s to 461s, a crucial evidence was found, that adding a blackbody component could efficiently improve the fitting (Fig. 3), the obtained blackbody temperature is in the range of 0.3 KeV to 0.5 KeV, the radiation radius is deduced from about 7 × 1012 cm to 2.8 × 1013 cm, with the expansion speed at 0.8c, c is the speed of light. These above value is typical for the supernova ejecta accelerated by the collision with GRB outflow.
GCN 14526: The late X-ray observations of GRB 130427A by Swift-XRT clearly evidence a pattern typical of a family of GRBs associated to supernova (SN) following the Induce Gravitational Collapse (IGC) paradigm (Rueda & Ruffini 2012; Pisani et al. 2013). We assume that the luminosity of the possible SN associated to GRB 130427A would be the one of 1998bw, as found in the IGC sample described in Pisani et al. 2013. Assuming the intergalactic absorption in the I-band (which corresponds to the R-band rest-frame) and the intrinsic one, assuming a Milky Way type for the host galaxy, we obtain a magnitude expected for the peak of the SN of I = 22 - 23 occurring 13-15 days after the GRB trigger, namely between the 10th and the 12th of May 2013. Further optical and radio observations are encouraged.
After the first days observation, we found that the X-ray afterglow of GRB 130427A overlaps other GRBs induced by C-matrix (Fig.4), we concluded that this new GRB shared the same mechanism, which means a supernova is inevitable in the system though the optical signal is too weak too be observed, immediately we sent a letter to GCN on May 2, 2013, predicting that the optical R-band of a SN will reach its peak magnitude in about 10 days in the cosmological rest-frame on the basis of the IGC paradigm, and we encouraged observations.




Indeed, starting from May 13, 2013, the telescopes GTC, Skynet and HST discovered the signals from the type Ic supernova SN 2013cq.

Letter in collaboration with Pror. Fryer, Los Alamos:

Hypercritical Accretion, Induced Gravitational Collapse, And Binary-Driven Hypernovae

Chris L. Fryer, Jorge A. Rueda, Remo Ruffini
ApJ Letters 793, 36 (2014)


The induced gravitational collapse (IGC) paradigm has been successfully applied to the explanation of the concomitance of gamma-ray bursts (GRBs) with supernovae (SNe) Ic. The progenitor is a tight binary system composed by a carbon-oxygen (CO) core and a neutron star (NS) companion. The explosion of the SN leads to hypercritical accretion onto the NS companion which reaches the critical mass, hence inducing its gravitational collapse to a black hole (BH) with consequent emission of the GRB. The first estimates of this process were based on a simplified model of the binary parameters and the Bondi-Hoyle-Lyttleton accretion rate. We present here the first full numerical simulations of the IGC phenomenon. We simulate the core-collapse and SN explosion of CO stars to obtain the density and ejection velocity of the SN ejecta. We follow the hydrodynamic evolution of the accreting material falling into the Bondi-Hoyle surface of the NS all the way up to its incorporation to the NS surface. The simulations go up to BH formation when the NS reaches the critical mass. For appropriate binary parameters the IGC occurs in short timescales (100-1000s) owing to the combined effective action of the photon trapping and the neutrino cooling near the NS surface. We also show that the IGC scenario leads to a natural explanation for why GRBs are associated only to SN Ic with totally absent or very little helium.

Semiclassical pair production rate for time-dependent electrical fields with more than one component: WKB-approach and world-line instantons

Strobel, Eckhard; Xue, She-Sheng
Nuclear Physics B 886, 1153 (2014)


Description: The Schwinger-effect describes how pairs of electrons and positrons can be produced from the vacuum with the help of a very strong electric field. While this effect is believed to play a important rule in astrophysics, especially for gamma ray burst, it has never been observed directly in a laboratory. The reason for this is that currently one can not produces the field strengths which are necessary to produce a measurable number of pairs. This might change with the construction of new high energy laser systems, like the Extreme Light Infrastructure (ELI).
It has recently been shown that pair creation rate changes over several orders of magnitude depending on the form of the laser pulse. To design an experiment in which Schwinger pair creation can be measured directly it is substantial to understand this dependence. While a lot of computations can be performed numerical it is worthwhile to continue to study approximate analytical methods to strengthen this understanding.
In the paper we generalize two well-known analytical methods, namely the WKB and the world line instant on method, to fields which have more than one time-dependent component. The comparison of the two methods shows when to best use which of the methods. The generalizations enables us to find a analytic solution for the momentum spectrum of the produced pairs in a rotating electric field. As displayed in Figure no pairs are produced which have zero momentum. This is a big difference to the known cases of one-component fields, where most pairs are produced with zero momentum. Since the rotating electric field is a approximation for the field in the anti-node of a circularly polarized standing wave, which can be produced in laser experiments, the characteristic shape of this momentum spectrum might help to distinguish the pairs produced by the Schwinger process from those produced due to other strong field effects.

Submitted Articles:

Induced Gravitational Collapse At Extreme Cosmological Distances: The Case Of Grb 090423
R. Ruffini, L. Izzo, M. Muccino, G.B. Pisani, J.A. Rueda, Y. Wang, C. Barbarino, C.L. Bianco, M. Enderli, M. Kovacevic
A&A 569, A39 (2014)

The Genuine Short Grb 090227b And The Disguised By Excess Grb 090510
M. Muccino, C.L. Bianco, L. Izzo, Y. Wang, M. Enderli, M. Kovacevic, G.B. Pisani, A.V. Penacchioni, R. Ruffini
Gravitation and Cosmology, 20, 197 (2014)

On The Core-Halo Distribution Of Dark Matter In Galaxies
Remo Ruffini, Carlos Argüelles, Jorge A. Rueda
Submitted to Phys. Rev. Lett.

Just Published Articles:

Semiclassical Pair Production Rate For Time-Dependent Electrical Fields With More Than One Component: Wkb-Approach And World-Line Instantons
Strobel, Eckhard; Xue, She-Sheng
Nuclear Physics B 886, 1153 (2014)

Transparency Parameters From Relativistically Expanding Outflows
Bégué, D.; Iyyani, S.
ApJ 792, 42  (2014)

Dynamical Instability Of White Dwarfs And Breaking Of Spherical Symmetry Under The Presence Of Extreme Magnetic Fields
J. G. Coelho, R. M. Marinho, M. Malheiro, R. Negreiros, D. L. Cáceres, J. A. Rueda, R. Ruffini
ApJ 794, 86 (2014)

Are The Most Super-Massive Dark Compact Objects Harbored At The Center Of Dark Matter Halos?
Carlos R. Argüelles, Remo Ruffini
Essay selected for Honorable mention 2014 by the Gravity Research Foundation

Strangeness Content Of Neutron Stars With Strong Sigma-Hyperon Repulsion
M. Razeira, A. Mesquita, C. A. Z. Vasconcellos, R. Ruffini, J. A. Rueda, R. O. Gomes
Astronomische Nachrichten 335, 739 (2014)

Effective Field Theory For Neutron Stars With Strong Sigma--Hyperon Repulsion
M. Razeira, A. Mesquita, C. A. Z. Vasconcellos, R. Ruffini, J. A. Rueda, R. O. Gomes
Astronomische Nachrichten 335, 733 (2014)

A search for Fermi bursts associated with supernovae and their frequency of occurrence
Kovacevic, M.; Izzo, L.; Wang, Y.; Muccino, M.; Della Valle, M.; Amati, L.; Barbarino, C.; Enderli, M.; Pisani, G. B.; Li, L.
Astronomy & Astrophysics, Volume 569, id.A108, 6 pp. (A&A Homepage)