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Newsletter French December 2020/January 2021 Print E-mail


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ICRANet Newsletter



Bulletin ICRANet
Décembre 2020 - Janvier 2021





1. Shedding new light on sterile neutrinos from XENON1T experiment

A new paper co-authored by Shakeri, S., Hajkarim, F. & Xue, SS. has been published on December 30, 2020 in Journal of High Energy Physics.

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Fig. 1, 2 and 3: XENON1T experiment at INFN Laboratori Nazionali del Gran Sasso.

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Fig. 4 and 5: In the left panel events versus recoil energy including the error bars are shown in blue color. The solid red line is the background model computed by XENON Collaboration. The additional recoil due to the sterile neutrino DM interaction with the Xenon electrons are shown by green solid curve. Right panel shows best fit points for the coupling and mass of electron sterile neutrino.

The XENON1T collaboration recently reported the excess of events from recoil electrons which may be sign of a fundamental new discovery about our universe. The XENON1T as the world's most sensitive dark matter experiment hosted in an underground laboratory beneath a mountain at Gran Sasso National Laboratory (INFN Laboratori Nazionali del Gran Sasso) in Italy. The evidence for the existence of dark matter (DM) which makes up 85% of the matter in the universe, is implied from various astrophysical and cosmological observations, but scientists still do not know the particle nature of this exotic material.
A group of scientists She-sheng Xue from ICRANet/ICRA, Soroush Shakeri from ICRANet-Isfahan and Isfahan University of Technology (IUT) and Fazlollah Hajkarim from Università degli Studi di Padova and Goethe Universität, claimed to have found a new interpretation for XENON1T excess by considering effective interactions between the DM sterile neutrinos and the SM particles.
Sterile neutrinos as a warm DM with masses at keV scale are well motivated from astrophysical and cosmological point of view. It is shown that sterile neutrinos with masses around 90 keV and specific effective coupling can fit well with the XENON1T data where the best fit points preserving DM constraints and possibly describe the anomalies in other experiments. In addition to explain XENON1T anomaly, the scenario presented in this group has some distinctive features which can be used to distinguish between their scenario and other beyond SM proposals.
This research, as shown by the references below, has been well developed for many years in ICRANet to understand the nature of dark matter particles as a fermion with the mass in keV range. It has been individuated the window 50-350 keV for the mass of fermionic dark matter ("ino") from the analysis of the rotation curves of the Milky Way. Accurate analysis has been done by ICRANet member in the case of the S2 and G2 orbits around the Galactic center and explained them with the distribution of DM for 56 keV fermions.
The XENON1T new results attract so much attention in Physics community. Physicists will likely treat the XENON1T results as preliminary for the near future. An upcoming, larger XENON experiment called XENONnt, still under construction in Italy besides the next generation of XENON detectors may shed light on the dark matter nature and low energy neutrino physic beyond SM.

• XENON collaboration, Excess electronic recoil events in XENON1T, Phys. Rev. D 102(2020) 072004
• Soroush Shakeri, Fazlollah Hajkarim, She-Sheng Xue, Shedding New Light on Sterile Neutrinos from XENON1T Experiment, JHEP12(2020)194
• C.R. Argüelles, N.E. Mavromatos, J.A. Rueda and R. Ruffini, The role of self-interacting right-handed neutrinos in galactic structure, JCAP 04 (2016) 038
• N. E. Mavromatos, C. R. Argüelles, R. Ruffini, J. A. Rueda, Self- interacting dark matter, International Journal of Modern Physics D 26 (2017) 1730007
• R. Ruffini, C. R. Argüelles, J. A. Rueda, On the core-halo distribution of dark matter in galaxies, MNRAS 451 (2015) 622-628
• E. A. Becerra-Vergara, C. R. Argüelles, A. Krut, J. A. Rueda, R. Ruffini, The geodesic motion of S2 and G2 as a test of the fermion dark matter constituency of our galactic core, A&A 641, A34 (2020)
• R. Yunis, C. R. Argüelles, N. E. Mavromatos, A. Moliné, A. Krut, M. Carinci, J. A. Rueda, R. Ruffini, Galactic center constraints on self-interacting sterile neutrinos from fermionic dark matter ("ino") models, Physics of the Dark Universe 30 (2020) 100699

Link to the paper https://doi.org/10.1007/JHEP12(2020)194



2. Nouveau Accord de coopération scientifique entre l'USTC et l'ICRANet, 28 Décembre 2020

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Le 28 Décembre 2020 a été signé un accord de coopération scientifique entre l'ICRANet et l'Université de Science et Technologie de Chine par le Prof. Xinhe Bao (Président de l'USTC) et par le Prof. Remo Ruffini (Directeur d'ICRANet). Les principales activités conjointes qui seront développées dans le cadre de cet accord comptent: la promotion des activités de recherche et d'observation dans le champ de l'astrophysique relativiste; la collaboration entre des membres de la Faculté, des chercheurs, des post-doctorat fellows et des étudiants; l'organisation de séminaires, conférences, workshops, cours de formations et de recherche, et publications conjointes. L'accord demeurera valide pour 5 années.

Pour consulter le texte de l'accord:
http://www.icranet.org/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=1353



3. Nouveau Protocol de coopération entre le CIMPA et l'ICRANet, 20 Janvier 2021

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Le 20 Janvier 2021 a été signé un nouveau Protocol de coopération entre l'ICRANet et le Centre International de Mathématiques Pures et Appliquées (CIMPA) par le Prof. Barry Green (Président du CIMPA), Prof. Christophe Ritzenthaler (Directeur Exécutif du CIMPA), par le Prof. Remo Ruffini (Directeur d'ICRANet) et par le Prof. Jorge A. Rueda H. (Professeur de la Faculté ICRANet). Les principales activités conjointes qui seront développées dans le cadre de cet accord comptent: la promotion des activités de recherche et d'observation dans le champ de l'astrophysique relativiste; la collaboration entre des membres de la Faculté, des chercheurs, des post-doctorat fellows et des étudiants; l'organisation de séminaires, conférences, workshops, cours de formations et de recherche, et publications conjointes. L'accord demeurera valide pour 5 années.

Pour consulter le texte de l'accord:
http://www.icranet.org/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=1354.



4. "L'éclipse solaire et la mesure du diamètre solaire", meeting online, 14 Décembre 2020

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Fig. 6: 19 Novembre 2020, Ostia (Italie) - Blue Baily's bead

Le meeting "L'éclipse solaire et la mesure du diamètre solaire. Chasseurs d'éclipses depuis 1500: Cristoforo Clavio, Halley, père Secchi, Eddington et l'état actuel de l'art" s'est tenue virtuellement le 14 Décembre 2020. Le Prof. Costantino Sigismondi, collaborateur d'ICRANet et chair du meeting, grâce aussi au support d'ICRANet et des autres scientifiques du monde entier, a organisé ce meeting virtuel ainsi que un meeting podcast afin de créer une occasion de discussion entre les étudiants et les chercheurs.
Le meeting virtuel a commencé à 16:30 heures de Lundi 14 Décembre avec les remarques initiales du Prof. Sigismondi pour continuer avec des présentations sur "l'éclipse et la physique solaire à Turin" par le Prof. Alessandro Bemporad (INAF – Observatoire Astrophysique de Turin, Italie), sur "Les etudes sur la Physique et sur le Soleil à l'Université de Rome Tor Vergata" et sur "L'héritage de Angelo Secchi: étude sur la connexion entre le Soleil et la Terre" par le Prof. Francesco Berrilli (Département de Physique, Université de Rome Tor Vergata - Académie Nationale des Lincei), sur le "Diamètre du soleil mesuré par les observations des éclipses" par le Prof. Andrea Raponi (INAF IAPS), sur le Télescope Copernicus à Cima Ekar (un télescope INFN de l'Observatoire Astronomique de Asiago) par le Prof. Paolo Ochner et le Prof. Armando Sorrenti (Université de Padova), sur "Halley" par le Prof. Giuseppe Massara (Université La Sapienza de Rome) et sur le "Punto nave" par le Prof. Cosimo Palagiano (Académie Nationale des Lincei). Ensuite, le Prof. Sigismondi a montré et expliqué de vidéo des éclipses solaires en Argentine, Chile, Egypte et Paraguay. La dernière partie a été dédié aux salutations conclusive par le Prof. Remo Ruffini, Directeur d'ICRANet.
Cette section théorique a été intégrée aussi par le matériel podcast prépare par le Prof. Sigismondi, le Prof. Berilli et le Prof. Ramponi, disponible sur la page web du meeting.
Le program de l'événement et le matériel du podcast est disponible au lien suivant: http://www.icranet.org/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=1348



5. "Conjonction et Solstice entre histoire et mécanismes célestes", meeting online, 21 Décembre 2020 et communiqué de presse ICRANet sur cet événement
Le meeting "Conjonction et Solstice entre histoire et mécanismes célestes. Comme les conjonctions planétaires étaient les sources pour implémenter les théories planétaires" s'est tenue virtuellement le 21 Décembre 2020, à l'occasion de la grande conjonction entre Jupiter et Saturne. Ça a permis de réfléchir sur l'hypothèse de Kepler sur l'étoile de Bethléem: selon lui, la conjonction similaire qui s'est vérifié dans l'année 7/6 av. J-C a été la cause de l'apparition de l'étoile, c'était pas l'étoile-même.

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Fig. 7: l'étoile de Bethléem dans la basilique de la Nativité à Bethléem.

Le Prof. Costantino Sigismondi, collaborateur d'ICRANet et chair du meeting, grace aussi au support d'ICRANet et des autres scientifiques du monde entier, a organisé ce meeting virtuel ainsi que un meeting podcast afin de créer une occasion de discussion entre les étudiants et les chercheurs.
Le meeting virtuel a commencé à 16:30 heures de Lundi 21 Décembre avec les remarques initiales du Prof. Sigismondi pour continuer avec des présentations sur "Une breve histoire des activitées du IOTA/ES" par le Prof. Konrad Guhl (IOTA), sur "Les conjonctions et occultations" par le Prof. Paolo Ochner (Université de Padova), sur "Kepler et la grande conjonction" par la Prof. Anna Maria Lombardi (Université de Milan) et sur "Les conjonctions planétaires, les inéqualités invariantes et les oscillations solaires-climatiques" par le Prof. Nicola Scafetta (Université de Naple). La dernière partie a été dédié aux salutations conclusive par le Prof. Rahim Moradi (Professeur de la Faculté d'ICRANet) au nom du Prof. Remo Ruffini (Directeur d'ICRANet).
Cette section théorique a été intégrée aussi par le matériel podcast prépare par le Prof. Sigismondi (sur "Jupiter, Saturne, Uranus et Neptune 1821", sur "Le transit méridien à Saint Pierre, Vatican", sur "Jupiter et Mars en 1591", sur "Jupiter et Saturne" soit en 1563 que en 7/6 av. J-C, sur "L'Astronomie dans les évangiles: l'étoile de Bethléem et l'éclipse du Vendredi Saint"), par le Prof. Pascal Descamps (sur les "rapprochements Jupiter-Saturne 7/6 av. J-C", sur les "rapprochements Jupiter-Saturne en 1562", sur les "rapprochements Mars-Jupiter en 1591" et sur les "rapprochements Mars-Saturne en 1604"). Des autre matériel a été préparés par le Prof. Paolo Zanna (sur "La conjonction entre nous"), par le Prof. Giorgio Rossi (sur "La conjonction Jupiter-Saturne en 1563"), par le Prof. Marco Di Capua et par la Prof. Elizabeth Stillwachs - Marina Green, San Francisco, Californie USA (avec des photos de Jupiter et Saturne prises à San Francisco) et par le Prof. Enrico Guliani et le Prof. Paul Waddington (sur "La conjonction Jupiter-Saturne" et sur "La lune pendant le solstice d'hiver").
Le program de l'événement et le matériel du podcast est disponible au lien suivant: http://www.icranet.org/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=1351

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Fig. 8: Jupiter et Saturne entre les Cycadée, 15 Décembre 2020 (photo prise par Jorge Ruiz, Paraguay). Fig. 9: la Lune, Jupiter et Saturne de Ostia (Italie), 18 Décembre 2020 (photo prise par le Prof. Costantino Sigismondi).


Dans cette occasion, le Prof. Sigismondi et le staff d'ICRANet ont préparé aussi un communiqué de presse, soit en Italien qu'en Anglais.



6. Publications récentes

Shakeri, S., Hajkarim, F. & Xue, SS. Shedding new light on sterile neutrinos from XENON1T experiment, published in J. High Energ. Phys. 2020, 194 (2020).
The XENON1T collaboration recently reported the excess of events from recoil electrons, possibly giving an insight into new area beyond the Standard Model (SM) of particle physics. We try to explain this excess by considering effective interactions between the sterile neutrinos and the SM particles. In this paper, we present an effective model based on one-particle-irreducible interaction vertices at low energies that are induced from the SM gauge symmetric four-fermion operators at high energies. The effective interaction strength is constrained by the SM precision measurements, astrophysical and cosmological observations. We introduce a novel effective electromagnetic interaction between sterile neutrinos and SM neutrinos, which can successfully explain the XENON1T event rate through inelastic scattering of the sterile neutrino dark matter from Xenon electrons. We find that sterile neutrinos with masses around 90 keV and specific effective coupling can fit well with the XENON1T data where the best fit points preserving DM constraints and possibly describe the anomalies in other experiments.
Link: https://doi.org/10.1007/JHEP12(2020)194


R. Yunis, C. R. Argüelles, N. E. Mavromatos, A. Moliné, A. Krut, M. Carinci, J. A. Rueda, R. Ruffini, Galactic center constraints on self-interacting sterile neutrinos from fermionic dark matter ("ino") models, published in Physics of the Dark Universe, Volume 30, article id. 100699 on December 2020.
The neutrino minimal standard model (νMSM) has been tightly constrained in the recent years, either from dark matter (DM) production or from X-ray and small-scale observations. However, current bounds on sterile neutrino DM can be significantly modified when considering a vMSM extension, in which the DM candidates interact via a massive (axial) vector field. In particular, standard production mechanisms in the early Universe can be affected through the decay of such a massive mediator. We perform an indirect detection analysis to study how the vMSM parameter-space constraints are affected by said interactions. We compute the X-ray fluxes considering a DM profile that self-consistently accounts for the particle physics model by using an updated version of the Ruffini-Argüelles-Rueda (RAR) fermionic ("ino") model, instead of phenomenological profiles such as the Navarro-Frenk-White (NFW) distribution. We show that the RAR profile accounting for interacting DM, is compatible with measurements of the Galaxy rotation curve and constraints on the DM self-interacting cross section from the Bullet cluster. A new analysis of the X-ray NuSTAR data in the central parsec of the Milky Way, is here performed to derive constraints on the self-interacting sterile neutrino parameter-space. Such constraints are stronger than those obtained with commonly used DM profiles, due to the dense DM core characteristic of the RAR profiles.
Link:
https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S221268641930370X?via%3Dihub
Link nasa-ads: https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2020PDU....3000699Y/abstract


J. D. Uribe, E. A. Becerra-Vergara, J. A. Rueda, Neutrino Oscillations in Neutrino-Dominated Accretion Around Rotating Black Holes, published in Universe, vol. 7, issue 1, p. 7 on January 2021.
In the binary-driven hypernova model of long gamma-ray bursts, a carbon-oxygen star explodes as a supernova in the presence of a neutron star binary companion in close orbit. Hypercritical (i.e., highly super-Eddington) accretion of the ejecta matter onto the neutron star sets in, making it reach the critical mass with consequent formation of a Kerr black hole. We have recently shown that, during the accretion process onto the neutron star, fast neutrino flavor oscillations occur. Numerical simulations of the above system show that a part of the ejecta stays bound to the newborn Kerr black hole, leading to a new process of hypercritical accretion. We address herein, also for this phase of the binary-driven hypernova, the occurrence of neutrino flavor oscillations given the extreme conditions of high density (up to 1012 g cm−3) and temperatures (up to tens of MeV) inside this disk. We estimate the behavior of the electronic and non-electronic neutrino content within the two-flavor formalism (νeνx) under the action of neutrino collective effects by neutrino self-interactions. We find that in the case of inverted mass hierarchy, neutrino oscillations inside the disk have frequencies between ∼(105-109) s−1, leading the disk to achieve flavor equipartition. This implies that the energy deposition rate by neutrino annihilation (ν+ν¯→e+e+) in the vicinity of the Kerr black hole is smaller than previous estimates in the literature not accounting for flavor oscillations inside the disk. The exact value of the reduction factor depends on the νe and νx optical depths but it can be as high as ∼5. The results of this work are a first step toward the analysis of neutrino oscillations in a novel astrophysical context, and as such, deserve further attention.
Link: https://www.mdpi.com/2218-1997/7/1/7
Link nasa-ads: https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2021Univ....7....7U/abstract


Sahakyan, N.; Giommi, P., The strange case of the transient HBL blazar 4FGL J1544.3-0649, published in Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society, 202, stab011.
We present a multifrequency study of the transient γ-ray source 4FGL J1544.3-0649, a blazar that exhibited a remarkable behavior raising from the state of an anonymous mid-intensity radio source, never detected at high energies, to that of one of the brightest extreme blazars in the X-ray and γ-ray sky. Our analysis shows that the averaged γ-ray spectrum is well described by a powerlaw with a photon index of 1.87 ± 0.04, while the flux above 100 MeV is (8.0 ± 0.9) × 10-9 photon cm-2 s-1, which increases during the active state of the source. The X-ray flux and spectral slope are both highly variable, with the highest 2-10 keV flux reaching (1.28 ± 0.05) × 10-10 erg cm-2 s-1. On several observations the X-ray spectrum hardened to the point implying as SED peak moving to energies larger than 10 keV. As in many extreme blazars the broadband spectral energy distribution can be described by a homogeneous one-zone synchrotron-self-Compton leptonic model. We briefly discuss the potential implications for high-energy multi-messenger astrophysics in case the dual behavior shown by 4FGL J1544.3-0649 does not represent an isolated case, but rather a manifestation of a so far unnoticed relatively common phenomenon.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1093/mnras/stab011
Link: https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2021MNRAS.tmp...56S/abstract


Acciari, V. A.; Ansoldi, S.; Antonelli, L. A..... Sahakyan, N., et al., Multiwavelength variability and correlation studies of Mrk 421 during historically low X-ray and γ-ray activity in 2015-2016, published in Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society, 2020, staa3727.
We report a characterization of the multi-band flux variability and correlations of the nearby (z=0.031) blazar Markarian 421 (Mrk 421) using data from Metsähovi, Swift, Fermi-LAT, MAGIC, FACT and other collaborations and instruments from November 2014 till June 2016. Mrk 421 did not show any prominent flaring activity, but exhibited periods of historically low activity above 1 TeV (F>1TeV < 1.7× 10-12 ph cm-2 s-1) and in the 2-10 keV (X-ray) band (F2 - 10 keV < 3.6 × 10-11 erg cm-2 s-1), during which the Swift-BAT data suggests an additional spectral component beyond the regular synchrotron emission. The highest flux variability occurs in X-rays and very-high-energy (E>0.1 TeV) γ-rays, which, despite the low activity, show a significant positive correlation with no time lag. The HRkeV and HRTeV show the harder-when-brighter trend observed in many blazars, but the trend flattens at the highest fluxes, which suggests a change in the processes dominating the blazar variability. Enlarging our data set with data from years 2007 to 2014, we measured a positive correlation between the optical and the GeV emission over a range of about 60 days centered at time lag zero, and a positive correlation between the optical/GeV and the radio emission over a range of about 60 days centered at a time lag of 43+9−6 days. This observation is consistent with the radio-bright zone being located about 0.2 parsec downstream from the optical/GeV emission regions of the jet. The flux distributions are better described with a LogNormal function in most of the energy bands probed, indicating that the variability in Mrk 421 is likely produced by a multiplicative process.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1093/mnras/staa3727
Link: https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2020MNRAS.tmp.3563A/abstract
 
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