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SINGAPORE: COSMOLOGY GRAVITATIONAL WAVES AND PARTICLES
February 6-10, 2017
On February 6 to 10 in Singapore, at Nanyang Executive
Centre, Nanyang Technological University, there was the “Conference on
Cosmology, Gravitational Waves and Particles”
On February 2016 physicists announced the discovery of
gravitational waves, which were predicted in 1916 by Albert Einstein in his
theory of General Relativity. About 1.3 billion years ago, two giant black
holes collided and formed one very big black hole. During this collision strong
gravitational waves were emitted. They were discovered at the Laser
Interferometer Gravitational-Wave Observatory (LIGO) in the United States.
Experts from the detectors will present their results at the conference.
Theoreticians will discuss the implications of the discovery. There will also
be lectures on the expansion of the universe, on cosmology, on astrophysics and
on particle physics. The Standard Theory of particle physics describes the
electroweak and the strong interactions, but it is still unclear, how the
gravitational interaction can be included. These and related problems have been discussed this year, including possible
new discoveries at the Large Hadron Collider in CERN.
In this picture Prof. Ruffini with Prof. K. K. Phua
In this occasion Professor Ruffini has held a lecture
on "Gamma Ray Bursts, from Supernovae to Hypernovae to Binary Drive
Hypernovae" (click here for the presentation) and follows the abstract.
Gamma Ray Bursts (GRBs): from
Supernovae (SNe), via Hypernovae (HNe) to Binary Driven Hypernovae (BDHNe)
Remo
Ruffini, Y. Wang, C. L. Bianco, M. Muccino, G. B. Pisani, J. A. Rueda, Y.
Aimuratov, U. Barres de Almeida, L. Becerra, C. Cherubini, S. Filippi, C. L.
Fryer, M. Kovacevic, L. Li, R. Moradi, F. G. Oliveira, A. V. Penacchioni, D.
Primorac, N. Sahakyan
SNe with their energy of 1048 erg, HNe with their
energy of 1051 erg, BdHNe withe their energy of 1054 erg are all acting in GRB
events, the most energetic explosions in the Universe. They are sources of the
heaviest elements, of the cosmic rays, of the ionizing radiation essential to
the advanced technologies, to the biological evolution and to the extrapolation
of the fundamental interactions to the most extreme and yet unknown regimes on
our planet. Following the neutron stars (NS) discovery in Pulsars, the
development of the theoretical understanding of Neutron Stars, Black Holes and
Cosmology, lead to the discovery by X-Ray satellites of the first Black Hole in
our Galaxy. In 1974 the yet unpredicted discoveries of GRBs was announced. Soon
after it was hypothesized that GRBs originated in an e+e- plasma following the
formation of a Kerr Newman Black Hole with an upper limit of the energy 1055
erg. Along with the developments of X and Gamma ray telescopes in space as well as the
largest telescopes in the optical and X-ray from the ground as
well as underground, GRB observations have materialized in possibly the largest
and more complex scientific collaboration ever developed in Scence. The
detailed structure of the light-curves, the spectra, the location of the
sources ranging from z = 0 to z=10 have allowed to reach such enormous details
that have guided a novel understanding of the nature of GRBs. We shortly recall
the contributions of BATSE Telescope on board of CGRO Observatory, leading to the
distinction of short and long GRBs and their homogeneous distribution in
galactic coordinates as well as the identification of the Prompt radiation. The
Fundamental contribution of Beppo SAX and the determination of the GRB
cosmological distance and their energetics up to the aforementioned limit of
1055 erg, particularly important the discovery of the X-ray afterglow in
addition to the Prompt emission. The many contributions of the SWIFT satellite
most prominent among them the Noussek relation in the gap between the prompt
radiation and the afterglow discovered by Beppo SAX. And finally the high
energy GeV emission observed by the Fermi satellite. I will focus on some
recent results on an intermediate structure in GRBs, namely the Flares at the
beginning of the X-Ray light curves, which is weak- comparing to the energetic
of prompt radiation and short with respect to the long-lasting radiation of the
afterglow. Its understanding has been made possible by the analysis of 167
BdHNe. Such BdHNe have as progenitors a tight binary system composed of of a
carbon-oxigen core (CO core) and a NS undergoing Induced Gravitational Collapse
(IGC) to a Black Hole triggered by the CO core explosion as a SN. The
comparison and contrast of these electromagnetic observations and the
corresponding gravitational waves ones are going to be addressed here in
general and in detail in the accompanying contribution presented by Rodriguez.
Photogallery
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